You would think that since an electron carries a spin and a charge, that their motions would be equal. But, our research shows the contrary, due to a friction-like effect known as spin Coulomb drag.

I think that a particle must have a separate reality independent of the measurements. That is an electron has spin, location and so forth even when it is not being measured. I like to think that the moon is there even if I am not looking at it.

The fact that spin current is not conserved may be bad news, but the important thing is that we know what is going on. Things may not have gone as predicted, but at least we've expanded our knowledge base in an area that we didn't know much about before.

We get a diffusion of spin because we create a situation in which there will be more spin-up electrons in one place and fewer in another.

When talking about the motion of charge current, you can think of the electrons as acting like a swarm of bees moving in one direction. Within that swarm, individual bees might be colliding, but momentum is conserved with each collision so that the total motion of the swarm is unaffected. When talking about the motion of spin current, the electrons act more like a swarm of honey bees and a swarm of bumble bees trying to move through one another. As the bees in these two populations collide, there is an exchange of momentum that slows the relative motion of each. Eventually both swarms may move in a single direction, but the overall effect has been a drag on their collective motion.

Spin Coulomb drag results because the motion of spin through the semiconductor is sensitive to collisions between electrons, whereas the transport of charge is not. When electrons bump into one another, the mutual repulsion of their negative charges creates a drag on their spin current, which is a relative motion between individual electrons, but not on their charge current, which is the collective transport of all the electrons in motion.