We wanted to find the beacons of the first stages of the formation of a galaxy cluster because, at that time, the clusters themselves had not formed yet.

Our findings suggest that unseen dark matter - which emits no light but has mass - has had a major effect on the formation and evolution of galaxies, and that bright active galaxies are only born within dark matter clumps of a certain size in the young universe.

In one of the most inhospitable places in our galaxy, stars have prevailed. It appears that star formation is much more tenacious than we previously believed.

If taken in good light, failures can be the guiding beacons to success.

I can wait for the galaxy outside to get a little kinder.

If you take a galaxy and try to make it bigger, it becomes a cluster of galaxies, not a galaxy. If you try to make it smaller than that, it seems to blow itself apart.