We damaged all the big guns we could, and carried away the powder and the lead.

We had a great many horses, of which we gave Lewis and Clark what they needed, and they gave us guns and tobacco in return.

A chief called Lawyer, because he was a great talker, took the lead in the council, and sold nearly all the Nez Perce country.

I pressed my father's hand and told him I would protect his grave with my life. My father smiled and passed away to the spirit land.

The white men told lies for each other. They drove off a great many of our cattle. Some branded our young cattle so they could claim them.

For a short time we lived quietly. But this could not last. White men had found gold in the mountains around the land of winding water.