We cannot kill all the chickens and ducks to prevent bird flu from spreading among them and to humans; therefore, we have to make sure the chickens, ducks and humans do not mingle together.

If Indonesia is to develop a bird flu vaccine for humans it is best to produce it from the H5N1 virus found in infected people here. That's because the sub type of the virus may be different here.

Only birds can be infected. There is no bird flu strain that can be transmitted to humans in Dagestan.

Surveillance is crucial because, in my view, the outbreaks affecting transmission among chickens were there for some time without being noticed.

I think it is similar to tsunamis and earthquakes...we do not know when.

TB-HIV co-infection threatens to reverse the steady progress toward achieving this goal.