Turbulence is the jittery, swirling behavior of a gas or liquid when flowing next to a wall or around an obstacle. Although most of the flows that surround us in everyday life are turbulent flows over rough walls, these flows have remained one of the least understood phenomena of classical physics.

A volcanic plume rises until the atmosphere becomes so thin that the mixture of air and ash loses buoyancy and starts to spread laterally, forming an umbrella. The umbrella spreads and cools for a long time before the ash begins to fall gradually.

By the way, this tells you why Auto-Tuned vocals on many contemporary records sound so shallow and lifeless. It’s almost as if everything we learned from African American music during the twentieth century was thrown out the window by technologies in the twenty-first century. The goal should not be to sing every note dead center in the middle of the pitch---we escaped from that musical prison a hundred years ago. Why go back? In an odd sort of way, much of contemporary pop music resembles opera, with all the subtle shadings of bent notes and microtonal alterations abandoned in the quest for mathematically pure tones.

We are seeking innovations to eliminate the release of fuel vapors from the vehicle. We?re working to further improve the efficiency of our systems that trap and consume fuel vapors while also working on ideas to prevent the generation of vapor in the first place.

We felt that Random House had a deep commitment to the book.

Reading is declining in every age group, cultural group, every region and income level. Unless something is done, we will continue to see those declines.