Studies by many labs have already started to identify specific circuits of neurons involved in normal cognitive function like memory and learning, as well as disease processes such as Parkinson's disease, depression, and autism.

Feng Zhang

Autism Cognitive Depression Disease Function Identify Involved Labs Learning Like Many Memory Neurons Normal Parkinson Processes Specific Started Studies Well

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Brain cells are normally not sensitive to light. So by introducing light-sensitive proteins into specific types of neurons, we can now selectively control that specific type of neuron by shining light in the brain.

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The ideal way to study the property of different types of neurons is to control individual types of cells independently and see what happens when you alter one type of cell. Optogenetics helps to realize this goal.

There are still many challenges and questions that need to be addressed before optogenetics can be applied in humans for therapeutic uses.

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Coffee is already known to be a preventive factor against mild depression, Parkinson's disease, and colon and rectal cancers.

— Chris Kilham

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These are improvements, It is too early to speak about cognitive function.

— Felix Umansky

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