It is unlikely to be repeated. We have all learnt our lessons.

We have become slaves to terminology.

We must make sure our preparedness plans are well organized and ready and we must also get a vaccine ready and make sure it can be mass produced in numbers that are required.

The region from Asia to Europe is a kind of black hole in terms of what we know.

A large proportion of the global population is in this region, and beyond that there is a diversity of animals that are thought to be important in the generation of these pandemic viruses.

By doing surveillance we know what is circulating, we know what is out there, and which are most serious contenders,