If I'm putting together my list of bad guys ... I wouldn't put universities at the top of the list.

It's going to be a bottom-up strategy.

You had really junior analysts assigned to the biggest assignments.

There are a lot of people trying to reinvent the wheel in different localities. If you're the mayor of Poughkeepsie or Atlanta or San Diego, it's not easy to know what the best practice is.

Flawed by Design: The Evolution of the CIA, JCS and NSC.

Putting a lot of money and time in preparedness efforts where you may never see what you hope will never happen is not a politically attractive thing to do. The payoff is too far in advance.