Discrimination is not done by villains. It's done by us.

We are bad at valuing other people, and we are worse the more different they are than us.

What drives success, and the most successful students, is internal motivation.

Because of the tax on being different, individual actors in the labour market from different backgrounds can rationally value the same opportunities differently.

The tax on being different is largely implicit. People need not act maliciously for it to be levied. In fact, at its heart is a laudable sentiment: 'prove it to me.' The problem is that we are requiring different levels of proof without realising it.

If my son came to me years from now and told me, 'I'm gay,' I'd say, 'That's wonderful. I'm so glad you know who you are.' But if he said, 'I want to be a woman,' I would say, 'Ahhh. This is gonna be hard. Let's get started.' Because it doesn't matter that that's where happiness lies - it's on the other side of a lot of struggle.