Twenty years prior to my birth, Marie Curie advocated the use of Radiography in the diagnosis of injuries and treatment of wounded soldiers during World War I. The advances in X-ray machines were rapid and by the 1920’s they were everywhere. Shoe-fitting, fluoroscope machines, known in England as Pedoscopes, which displayed a continuous X-ray image on a monitor, were outside most of the better shoe stores and were a great toy to play with. I thought that it was fun to hop onto a Pedoscope, when the clerk wasn’t looking, and stick my feet into its openings. Looking down through the scope, I could see the bones in my toes wiggle around. My family doctor, Dr. Kooperstein, and his colleague, Dr. Franklin, bought an upright fluoroscope machine, giving me a chance to see my insides moving around in real time. Wow, what impressed me was how complicated everything was inside of me! Modern medicine was making great advances and I was there to witness them. Penicillin came into use in the early 1940’s and perhaps could have saved my sister’s life, if only it had been developed fifteen years earlier.
The twenty-second bursts of radiation from the shoe machines and that of the fluoroscope machine used by my doctors were many times greater than the X-ray machines in use now. Even at these elevated bursts of radiation, I doubt that I was in any great danger, but shoe clerks fitting shoes have been known to receive radiation burns requiring the amputation of their hands and arms. Doctors and nurses were also in danger of the effects of being over-radiated, but at that time radiation poisoning wasn’t known and was of little concern to anyone.
— Captain Hank Bracker, "Seawater One...."
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