Besides paid white laborers, there was everywhere a class of white servants bound without wages for a term of years, and a more miserable class of Negro slaves.

Many attempts had been made by colonial legislatures to cut off or to tax the importation of slaves.

Everywhere among the English-speaking race criminal justice was rude, and punishments were barbarous; but the tendency was to do away with special privileges and legal exemptions.

From William of Orange to William Pitt the younger there was but one man without whom English history must have taken a different turn, and that was William Pitt the elder.

More emphasis was thus thrown upon the local governments than in England.

The participation of the people in their own government was the more significant, because the colonies actually had what England only seemed to have, - three departments of government.